The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an enduring struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century. Its roots can be traced back to Jewish immigration and sectarian conflicts in mandatory Palestine between Jews and Arabs. Widely considered the world's "most intractable conflict," the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has persisted for 52 years.
Despite extensive peace processes and Israel's reconciliation with Egypt and Jordan, a final peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians remains elusive. The central issues include mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian freedom of movement, and the right of Palestinians to return. The conflict's violence, situated in a region abundant with historic, cultural, and religious sites of global significance, has prompted numerous international conferences addressing historic rights, security concerns, and human rights. It has also adversely affected tourism and general access to fiercely contested areas.
